The Benin Empire emerged in the forested region of present-day southern Nigeria, shaped by both geography and tradition. Fertile land, dense forests, and access to major trade routes supported early Edo communities, enabling political growth and stability. From these foundations arose a powerful centralized kingdom, rooted in ancient traditions and strengthened by strategic location, which would become one of West Africa’s most sophisticated and enduring civilizations.

The archaeology of Shahr-e Sukhteh reveals the story of a forgotten civilization reborn through discovery. From Aurel Stein’s first sighting of the Burnt City to decades of Iranian excavations, archaeologists have uncovered layers of fire, art, and resilience buried beneath the desert. Each discovery brings us closer to understanding one of the most remarkable cities of the ancient world.

Over 5,200 years ago, Shahr-e Sukhteh, the Burnt City of eastern Iran, thrived as a hub of innovation, trade, and culture. From pioneering early brain surgery to creating intricate artifacts, its people shaped a civilization ahead of its time. Explore the city’s geography, mysteries, and remarkable discoveries, a journey into one of the ancient world’s most fascinating settlements.